Fourth in a series of five photographs featuring plants showcased in UBC Botanical Garden's newly-released book: “The Jade Garden - New and Notable Plants from Asia”.

Sikkim larch, as written by Douglas Justice in “The Jade Garden”:

“The general public variously tolerates deciduous conifers. In cold climates they are grown because of lack of available variety in plants generally, and in temperate gardens often for their venerable lineage, such as the primitive and exotic pair Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood) and Taxodium distichum (bald cypress). The benefit of a deciduous conifer in the landscape should not be overlooked, particularly in a dull climate. As for any deciduous tree, it provides more light on the garden floor in winter. By far, the most common deciduous conifers in the Northern Hemisphere are the larches, but since they are, with few exceptions, a scruffy lot, they are generally a much-maligned group. Larix griffithii is an exception.

Individual needles of Sikkim larch are long, and among individuals they range from green to steel grey. The tree's habit is regular, narrow, and tall, with pendulous, golden brown branches somewhat reminiscent of Larix occidentalis (western larch), from the mountains of southern British Columbia and the northwestern United States. Like that species, the autumn colour of L. griffithii is pure, flaxen yellow. Sikkim larch cones are perhaps the largest of all Larix species (9 to 15cm long) and among its most interesting and ornamental features. They are purple-brown with reflexed scales and are held stiffly upright when ripe. The young, developing cones are extraordinarily large and are coloured either chartreuse or red-magenta. Both forms are exceedingly showy in the spring.

Sikkim larch is native to the high subalpine regions of the eastern Himalayas. Specimens at UBC Botanical Garden were grown from seed collected in Bhutan by Keith Rushforth. The closely related Larix griffithii var. speciosa ( syn. L. speciosa) is found in northwestern Yunnan and the southeastern Xizang Zizhang (Tibetan Himalayas). That variety differs primarily in the broader needles and shorter cones.”

Some other photographs of this plant have been posted to the garden's discussion forums.

Herein lies a tale.

The newly released book, “The Golden Spruce: A True Story of Myth, Madness and Greed” by Vancouver author John Vaillant features this plant photographed last Friday. Well, not exactly this plant, although it is genetically identical - this is a propagation from the original. How did the original compel “myth, madness and greed”?

From the book publisher's release:

When a kayak and camping gear are found on an uninhabited Alaskan island just north of the Canadian border, they re-ignite a mystery surrounding a shocking act of protest that made international news. On a winter night in 1997, a logger-turned-activist named Grant Hadwin plunged into the frigid waters of the Yakoun River in the Queen Charlotte Islands, towing a chainsaw behind him. When he was done, a unique spruce tree – 50 meters tall and covered with luminous golden needles – was teetering on its massive stump.

The tree, which baffled scientists, was sacred to the Haida on whose land it had stood for over 300 years. It was also beloved by local loggers who singled it out for protection in the midst of vast clear cuts. Since the 1970s, the mist-shrouded archipelago – one of the continent's most pristine and vibrant ecosystems – has been a battleground with government officials and logging companies squaring off against the Haida and environmental groups. The loss of the mythic golden spruce united loggers, natives and environmentalists in sorrow and outrage. But while heroic efforts were made to revive the tree, Grant Hadwin, the tree's confessed killer, disappeared under suspicious circumstances.

So where does this plant in UBC Botanical Garden fit into the story? In the 1970s, then-director Dr. Roy Taylor participated in an expedition to the Queen Charlotte Islands, where cuttings were taken of the golden spruce. Two of the cuttings that were grafted survived (although there is now only the one plant in the Native Garden). When the event occurred in 1997, Bruce Macdonald, the director of the garden after Dr. Taylor, offered one of the plants at UBC to the Haida nation, but unfortunately that plant died while waiting to be shipped. As it turns out, though, propagations had been made from the felled tree, and one of those now resides in a place of honour in Port Clements. I have read reports that the colour is not the same, although I don't recall where. Interestingly, I thought the golden spruce at UBC was looking the most golden that I've seen in the five years I've been here when I photographed it Friday.

There's plenty more online about the story. The original article from 2002 that was the springboard for John Vaillant's writing of the book is here at The New Yorker: The Golden Bough. Coenosium Nursery has an article about the golden spruce from a horticultural and horticultural history perspective. The Coenosium article suggests to me that the plant should not actually be named Picea sitchensis 'Aurea', because it is not the same plant as those originally propagated under that name, which I allude to on this thread in the garden's discussion forums.

The plant in the garden is only a small part of the story, however. If, like me, you are intrigued by the rest of the story - the maelstrom of personalities and policies that erupted into the murder of the golden spruce, the reaction of the communities and the mystery of Hadwin's fate - I hope you'll attend UBC's Talk of the Town with John Vaillant on Thursday, May 12 (7:30pm to 9pm) at the UBC Robson Square campus. The lecture is free, but pre-registration is requested (604-822-5675 or info.talkofthetown@ubc.ca) to ensure that the audience can be properly accomodated. I'll be giving them a call today, myself.

Update (May 12, 2005 11:48 PM PST): I attended the talk this evening, and I really enjoyed it. I liked the format of watching an interview between a host and guest - it was like being “live in studio”. John Vaillant is certainly not lacking for skill in either writing or speaking, so I suggested he give the garden a call if he's looking for other botanical writing ideas - there are thousands of stories to tell with plants.

I've also changed the name to reflect what will likely remain the cultivar name for the plant (I'd previously had it as Picea sitchensis 'Aurea', but that was a genetically-different plant introduced much earlier). This name (as is told in the book) reflects the name that the plant was sold under by Coenosium Nursery.

Update (June 5, 2005 12:09 AM PST): You can listen to the author of the book discuss this story on NPR - Killing the Golden Spruce.